Trees are tricky and the data for trees on this site is slightly misleading. Let's do Banana as an example.
Code: Select all
Day Sun Water
Seed 9 12- 79 4-19
Sapling 6 20-119 3-19
Small Tree 24 60-119 12-59
Mature 1 3 7- 59 3-19
Mature 2
Flowering
Fruit-bearing 3 4 2
Just like normal crops, each phase's sun and water point data refers to that phase, it's not cumulative. So for example if you plant a banana tree on spring 1, and by spring 9 there has been no rain, only clear weather, so you water it 4 times, it'll become a sapling the next day on spring 10.
The Mature 1 phase can happen in any season (except winter), not just Spring like the site says. Mature 2 looks exactly the same as Mature 1 (it's the full size tree), but there is no water/sun requirement. Flowering phase must occur in Spring for banana. Fruit-bearing occurs in summer, but only if you've already been through the flowering phase. What this means is if you plant your Banana tree in Spring of Year 2, it will not reach flowering stage that season because there isn't enough time to grow, so you actually won't be able to harvest any bananas until Summer of Year 3. If you wanted fruit in Summer of Year 2, you'd have to plant that Banana tree by mid-Fall of Year 1 at the latest. To bear fruit, the tree needs 4 sun and 2 water every 3 days. And yes you'll get fruit the first day of summer too. Once you have reached Mature 2, you can ignore the trees in terms of sun/water until the fruit-bearing season.
Winter basically just pauses the growth. You can be in any phase, including seeds, winter won't kill the tree. Any weather that happens in winter will not be counted for the current phase of the tree, you just pick up where you left off in Spring.
Remember to have fences in place to prevent storm damage.